* Data taken from U.S. national probability-based polls conducted with live interviewers.
* For visualization purposes, Roper uses dashed or dotted lines to connect data points with gap periods of more than two years in all trends, including term gaps in presidential approval, to remind researchers that changes in public opinion may not be linear and gap periods can mask unmeasured changes. Find additional approval ratings for gap periods between terms in Roper iPoll.
Users at member institutions can request a spreadsheet containing the data from this chart by emailing presidential-approval@roper.center.Select a President
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